而已確診癌症的病人,可以透過基因測試來檢查癌症是否可能是由家族性遺傳突變所引起,更能協助到患者的治療和用藥。例如,現時市面上有3種
FDA 認證的聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶 (PARP) 抑製劑藥物可以有效治療帶有
BRCA 1/2突變的乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌和前列腺癌患者。除此之外,得知的基因結果還能幫助其他家庭成員考慮進行基因檢測的需要。
參考資料:
National Cancer Institute. Cancer predisposing gene mutation.
Available at:
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/cancer-predisposing-gene-mutation
NHS. Predictive genetic tests for cancer risk genes. Available at:
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/predictive-genetic-tests-cancer/
Samadder, N. J., Riegert-Johnson, D., Boardman, L., Rhodes, D., Wick,
M., Okuno, S., Kunze, K. L., Golafshar, M., Uson, P. L., Mountjoy, L.,
Ertz-Archambault, N., Patel, N., Rodriguez, E. A., Lizaola-Mayo, B.,
Lehrer, M., Thorpe, C. S., Yu, N. Y., Esplin, E. D., Nussbaum, R. L.,
… Stewart, A. K. (2021) ‘Comparison of Universal Genetic Testing vs
guideline-directed targeted testing for patients with hereditary
cancer syndrome’, JAMA Oncology, 7(2), pp. 230.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.6252